Which type of communication pattern reflects inequalities based on dominant and submissive roles?

The correct answer is complementary communications. This type of communication pattern is characterized by a hierarchical structure where one party assumes a dominant role while the other takes a submissive position. In complementary communications, the interactions are defined by these disparities in status or authority, leading to clear roles in the communication exchange.

For example, in a parent-child relationship, the parent often assumes a dominant role, guiding and instructing, while the child plays a more submissive role, responding to the parent's directives. This dynamic can also be observed in professional settings, where an employer and employee communicate within the context of authority and responsibility.

In contrast, symmetrical communications involve interactions between parties of equal status, emphasizing balance and parity rather than a power differential. Crucial conversations focus on high-stakes discussions where emotions run strong and opinions differ, prioritizing the effectiveness of communication over power dynamics. Assertive communications prioritize expressing oneself in a respectful and clear manner while advocating for one's own needs without dominating others.

Understanding these distinctions is essential for recognizing how communication can be shaped by dynamics of power and status within relationships. Recognizing the characteristics of complementary communications helps individuals navigate and address potential issues related to inequality in communication patterns.