Which of the following patterns is indicative of dysfunctional communication?

The pattern identified as mindreading is indicative of dysfunctional communication because it involves assuming what another person is thinking or feeling without clear evidence or direct communication from them. This approach can lead to misunderstandings, as individuals may project their interpretations onto others rather than engage in open dialogue. Mindreading bypasses the opportunity for clarifying discussions and often escalates conflict, as it is rooted in speculation rather than fact.

In contrast, seeking clarification, affirming statements, and asking open-ended questions are all constructive communication practices. Seeking clarification encourages mutual understanding and ensures that messages are correctly interpreted. Affirming statements validate the contributions of others and strengthen relationships. Asking open-ended questions fosters dialogue and encourages others to express their thoughts and feelings openly, which enhances communication rather than muting it. Thus, recognizing mindreading as a dysfunctional communication pattern highlights the importance of direct and respectful interactions in effective communication.