Which attitude represents the dual nature of personality according to Jung?

The dual nature of personality, according to Carl Jung, is best represented by the concepts of extraversion and introversion. These terms describe the orientations of an individual's energy and focus in the context of their interactions with the world.

Extraversion refers to an outwardly focused personality, where individuals are energized by social interactions and external stimuli. They tend to be more engaged with their environment, often seeking social connections and activities. In contrast, introversion is characterized by an inward focus, where energy is drawn from solitary activities and reflection. Introverts typically feel recharged by spending time alone and may find extensive social interaction draining.

Jung posited that these two orientations contribute significantly to individual personality development, influencing how a person interacts with the world and processes their experiences. This duality helps to frame broader psychological theories within Jung's perspective, illustrating the balance between outward engagement and inward reflection.

The other concepts mentioned, such as optimism and pessimism, rationality and irrationality, and consciousness and subconsciousness, while relevant in various psychological contexts, do not encapsulate the specific duality of personality as delineated by Jung in the same foundational way as extraversion and introversion do.